THE TRANSFORMATION OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: CHANGES IN LEARNING ORGANIZATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
Digital transformation, Learning organization, Knowledge management, Organizational learning, Organizational performance
Abstract
This study aims to examine how digital transformation reshapes learning organization and knowledge management practices in business organizations and to identify the resulting organizational impacts and research gaps. Using a Systematic Literature Review approach guided by the PRISMA 2020 protocol, this study analyses 20 Scopus indexed journal articles published between 2015 and 2025. The review focuses on the concepts of digital transformation, learning organization, and knowledge management within organizational contexts. The findings indicate that digital transformation strengthens continuous learning, digital skill development, and dynamic knowledge flows, while organizational outcomes are most strongly reflected in innovation capability, agility, and adaptability. However, performance effects remain contingent on effective learning and knowledge integration, highlighting persistent conceptual and methodological gaps in the literature.
References
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Cao, G., Duan, Y., & Edwards, J. S. (2025). Information & Management Organizational culture , digital transformation , and product innovation. Information & Management, 62(4), 104135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2025.104135
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Gong, C., & Ribiere, V. (2021). Developing a unified definition of digital transformation. Technovation, 102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102217
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Nonaka, I., Toyama, R., & Hirata, T. (2008). Managing Flow: A Process Theory of the Knowledge Based Firm. Palgrave Macmillan.
Reis, J., & Melão, N. (2023). Digital Transformation : A Meta-Review and Guidelines For Future Research. Heliyon, 9, 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12834
Scott, W. R. (2008). Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems (6th ed.). Pearson.
Senge, P. M. (2006). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday.
Shanbhag, N., & Pardede, E. (2022). The Blitz Canvas : A Business Model Innovation Framework for Software Startups. System MDPI, 10(3), 1–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030058
Soto-acosta, P., Popa, S., & Palacios-marque, D. (2017). Social web knowledge sharing and innovation performance in knowledge-intensive manufacturing. Springer, 42, 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9498-z
Sun, Y. (2024). Digital transformation and corporates’ green technology innovation performance–The mediating role of knowledge sharing. Finance Research Letters, 62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105105
Vaio, A. Di, Palladino, R., Pezzi, A., & Kalisz, D. E. (2021). The role of digital innovation in knowledge management systems: A systematic literature review. Journal of Business Research, 123, 220–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.042
Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation : A multidisciplinary re fl ection and research agenda ☆. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
Vial, G. (2019). Understanding Digital Transformation: A review and A Research Agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003
Warner, K. S. R., & Wäger, M. (2019). Building dynamic capabilities for digital transformation: An ongoing process of strategic renewal. Long Range Planning, 52(3), 326–349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.12.001
Alvarenga, A., Matos, F., & Godina, R. (2020). Digital Transformation and Knowledge Management in the Public Sector. Sustainability MDPI, 12(14), 1–24. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145824
Barney, J. B. (2014). Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage Jay Barney. Pearson.
Blanka, C., Krumay, B., & Rueckel, D. (2022). Technological Forecasting & Social Change The interplay of digital transformation and employee competency : A design science approach. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 178(February), 121575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121575
Cao, G., Duan, Y., & Edwards, J. S. (2025). Information & Management Organizational culture , digital transformation , and product innovation. Information & Management, 62(4), 104135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2025.104135
Chen, Y., Pan, X., Liu, P., & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2024). How does digital transformation empower knowledge creation? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(2), 100481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100481
Daft, R. L. (2016). Organization Theory and Design (12th ed.). (Issue January 1992). Cengage Learning.
Donate, M. J., & Pablo, J. D. S. de. (2015). The role of knowledge oriented leadership in knowledge management practices and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 68(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.06.022
Ferreira, J., Veiga, P., Kailer, N., Kraus, S., Durst, S., & Weinmann, A. (2022). Digital Transformation in Business and Management Research : An Overview of The Current Status Quo. International Journal of Information Management, 63, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102466
Fischer, M., Imgrund, F., Janiesch, C., & Winkelmann, A. (2020). Information & Management Strategy archetypes for digital transformation : Defining meta objectives using business process management. Information & Management, 57(5), 103262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2019.103262
García-Morales, V. J., Jiménez-Barrionuevo, M. M., & Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, L. (2022). Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 65(7). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.005
Garvin, D. A., Edmondson, A. C., & Gino, F. (n.d.). Is yours a learning organization? Harvard Business School Publishing.
Gong, C., & Ribiere, V. (2021). Developing a unified definition of digital transformation. Technovation, 102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102217
Guo, X., Li, M., Wang, C., & Mardani, A. (2023). Does digital transformation improve the firm’s performance? From the perspective of digitalization paradox and managerial myopia. Journal of Business Research, 163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113868
Hafeez, S., Shahzad, K., Helo, P., & Faraz, M. (2025). Knowledge management and SMEs ’ digital transformation : A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(3), 100728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100728
Jiang, Z., Shi, J., & Liu, Z. (2025). Digital transformation, knowledge management, and ambidextrous innovation in the high-speed train industry in China: The role of TMT’s digital knowledge. Journal of Business Research, 200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115634
Konopik, J., Jahn, C., Schuster, T., Hoßbach, N., & Alexander, P. (2022). Mastering the digital transformation through organizational capabilities : A conceptual framework. Digital Business, 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100019
Machado, A. de B., Secinaro, S., Calandra, D., & Lanzalonga, F. (2022). Knowledge management and digital transformation for Industry 4.0: a structured literature review. Taylor & Francis, 20(2), 320–338. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2021.2015261
Mikalef, P., Fjørtoft, S. O., & Torvatn, H. Y. (2019). Developing an Artificial Intelligence Capability: A Theoretical Framework for Business Value. Springer, Cham, 373, 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36691-9_34
Nguyen, D. K., Broekhuizen, T., Dong, J. Q., & Verhoef, P. C. (2023). Leveraging synergy to drive digital transformation: A systems-theoretic perspective. Information & Management, 60(7). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103836
Nonaka, I., Toyama, R., & Hirata, T. (2008). Managing Flow: A Process Theory of the Knowledge Based Firm. Palgrave Macmillan.
Reis, J., & Melão, N. (2023). Digital Transformation : A Meta-Review and Guidelines For Future Research. Heliyon, 9, 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12834
Scott, W. R. (2008). Organizations: Rational, Natural, and Open Systems (6th ed.). Pearson.
Senge, P. M. (2006). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday.
Shanbhag, N., & Pardede, E. (2022). The Blitz Canvas : A Business Model Innovation Framework for Software Startups. System MDPI, 10(3), 1–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10030058
Soto-acosta, P., Popa, S., & Palacios-marque, D. (2017). Social web knowledge sharing and innovation performance in knowledge-intensive manufacturing. Springer, 42, 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9498-z
Sun, Y. (2024). Digital transformation and corporates’ green technology innovation performance–The mediating role of knowledge sharing. Finance Research Letters, 62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105105
Vaio, A. Di, Palladino, R., Pezzi, A., & Kalisz, D. E. (2021). The role of digital innovation in knowledge management systems: A systematic literature review. Journal of Business Research, 123, 220–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.042
Verhoef, P. C., Broekhuizen, T., Bart, Y., Bhattacharya, A., Dong, J. Q., Fabian, N., & Haenlein, M. (2021). Digital transformation : A multidisciplinary re fl ection and research agenda ☆. Journal of Business Research, 122, 889–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.022
Vial, G. (2019). Understanding Digital Transformation: A review and A Research Agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2019.01.003
Warner, K. S. R., & Wäger, M. (2019). Building dynamic capabilities for digital transformation: An ongoing process of strategic renewal. Long Range Planning, 52(3), 326–349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2018.12.001
Published
2026-03-02
How to Cite
Umi Masithoh, Agung Nugroho, Luthfi Imam Fahrudi, Wahyu Kurniawan Permadi, & Muh Zindi Fahim. (2026). THE TRANSFORMATION OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DIGITAL ERA: CHANGES IN LEARNING ORGANIZATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. Jurnal Penelitian Progresif, 5(2), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.61992/jpp.v5i2.331
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